In road-transport terminology, lane centering also known as auto steer, is a mechanism designed to keep a car centered in the lane, relieving the driver from the task of steering. Lane centering is similar to lane departure warning, but rather than warn the driver, or ping-pong their car away from the lane edge, it keeps the car centered in the lane. Together with adaptive cruise control these vehicles allow unassisted driving for some seconds. That is the meaning of Level 2 driverless, where two or more features work together to take over part of the driving.
Features that differentiate systems are how well they perform on turns, speed limitations and whether the system resumes from a stop.
Current lane centering systems rely on visible lane markings. They typically cannot decipher faded, missing, incorrect or overlapping lane markings. Markings covered in snow or old lane markings left visible can hinder the ability of the system. GM's Super Cruise only works on known freeways that have been previously mapped.
Most vehicles require hands on the wheel, but GM super cruise monitors the driver's eyes to ensure human monitoring of the road, and thus allows hands-free driving.
In addition to passenger vehicles, Semi trucks are expected to be fitted with this technology, starting with the Tesla Semi and other vendors in 2019.
Video Lane centering
History
The first commercially available lane centering systems were all based on off-the-shelf systems created by Mobileye, such as the Tesla Autopilot and Nissan Propilot, although Tesla has switched to an in-house system when Mobileye ended their partnership. A handful of companies like Bosch, Delphi, and Mobileye provide sensors, control units, and even algorithms to car makers, who then integrate and refine those systems. While not directly attributable to lane centering, crash rates on the Tesla Model S and Model X equipped with the Mobileye system were reduced by almost 40% while Tesla Autopilot was in use.
Maps Lane centering
Working principle
The lane detection system used by the lane departure warning system uses the principle of Hough transform and Canny edge detector to detect lane lines from real-time camera images fed from the front-end camera of the automobile. A basic flowchart of how a lane detection algorithm works to produce lane departure warning is shown in the figures.
2018 Mobileye EyeQ4
Mobileye claims 11 automakers will incorporate their EyeQ4 chip that enables L2+ and L3 autonomous systems. This would collectively represent more than 50% of the auto industry. Level 2 automation is also known as "hands off": this system takes full control of the vehicle (accelerating, braking, and steering). Level 3 is also known as "eyes off": the driver can safely turn their attention away from driving, e.g. the driver can text or watch a movie. Will launch in 2018 and 2019.
Average selling price for the EyeQ4 chip to auto makers is about $450 U.S. dollars.
Sample of level 2 driverless cars
Because all of these vehicles also have adaptive cruise control that can work in tandem with lane centering, this meets the SAE standard for level 2 driverless car.
Nissan Propilot
Propilot assists with acceleration, steering and braking input under single lane highway driving conditions. Propilot keeps the car centered in the lane, handles stop-and-go traffic if stopped for less than 4 seconds, helps maintain a set vehicle speed and maintain a safe distance to the vehicle ahead. Propilot can follow curves. Propilot utilizes a forward-facing camera, forward-facing radar, sensors and an electronic control module. A Traffic Sign Recognition system provides drivers with the most recent speed limit information detected by a camera unit located on the windshield in front of the inside rearview mirror. The information from detected signs is displayed.
Nissan ran a television advertisement showing a Rogue navigate between two trucks.
See also
- Autonomous car
References
External links
- Autopilot barrier lust
- Real-world analysis of fatal run-out-of-lane crashes using the national motor vehicle crash causation survey to assess lane keeping technologies [https://trid.trb.org/view/1491299
News
- https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/05/29/car-makers-semi-self-driving-car-technology-autopilot-propilot-super-cruise/633789002/
Comparisons
- Autopilot vs GM supercruise
- CarAndDriver compares 4 systems: Autopilot, Honda Sensing, SuperCruise, and Traffic Jam Assist
- Keylimesoda's comparison on forum TMC
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments